Search results for "Scientific theory"
showing 10 items of 13 documents
Acceptance and knowledge of evolutionary theory among third-year university students in Spain
2020
The theory of evolution is one of the greatest scientific achievements in the intellectual history of humankind, yet it is still contentious within certain social groups. Despite being as robust and evidence-based as any other notable scientific theory, some people show a strong reluctance to accept it. In this study, we used the Measure of Acceptance of the Theory of Evolution (MATE) and Knowledge of Evolution Exam (KEE) questionnaires with university students from four academic degree programs (Chemistry, English, History, and Biology) of ten universities from Spain to measure, respectively, acceptance and knowledge of evolutionary theory among third-year undergraduate students (nMATE = 9…
Fuzziness, Philosophy, and Medicine
2013
In his Handbook of Analytic Philosophy of Medicine, a book that in our view is qualified to be the starting point of a new discourse in the fields of Theoretical Medicine and Philosophy of Medicine, Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh uses two scientific theories that are studied and regarded in many specific sectors of hard and human sciences but not globally well-known in Philosophy of Medicine: Fuzzy Set Theory and Structuralism. This opening contribution briefly discusses those approaches, and introduces the musing, ideas, counterpoints and contributions from many other authors, among them philosophers, logicians, mathematicians and researchers from different and competing disciplines, that constitute t…
Incremental Accumulation of Information Systems Design Theory
2021
This paper proposes an organizing device for accumulation of information systems (IS) design theory components within a study but also across research studies. The proposed framework enables actors to understand the relationship over time between search spaces of information systems design science theory (ISDT) development by one and the same or different actors. The proposition rests on the notion that ISDT development is an iterative and incremental process that often happens across different research studies. Finally, we argue that with the proposed framework, ISDT knowledge is more easily transferred and combined with the search processes.
From World3 to the Social Assessment of Technology: Remarks on Science, Technology, and Society
1993
From a well-known point of view, science is thought to constitute a world of objective entities (World3) different from the objective world of material things (World 1) and the subjective world of minds or mental states (World2). This is an old trichotomy, of which Popper is the leading contemporary proponent.
El derecho y la revolución copernicana de Marx (Notas para un derecho científico a partir de ·El orden de El capital", de Carlos Fernández Liria y Lu…
2012
Taking for granted that Marx’s economic theory enjoys a scientific status and, furthermore, that it installed a real Copernican revolution in sociology, the present paper explores the possibility of deriving a system of law deserving the name of “scientific” in so far as it would be in keeping with the theses of the latter scientific theory. In this context, the paper argues against a claim recently sustained by Fernandez Liria and Alegre Zahonero, for whom a system of right compatible with Marx’s theory would be compatible, too, with the classic juridical formulations conceived during the Enlightenment. The main reason why this paper testifies against such compatibility is that the enlight…
Evolutionity – A New Age of Humanity: On the Concept of Human Evolution by Hoene-Wroński
2018
In this article, I present the concept of human evolution by Jozef Hoene-Wronski. I believe that his ideas are still an unexplored resource which can lead us to the better understanding of the evolution of humanity and of our human destiny. Hoene-Wronski has boldly challenged the deterministic picture of the world emerging from modern science and has derived human evolution from the moral and rational development of human beings. I follow closely his discussion of human evolution and describe its seven stages. Further, I argue that the case of human evolution is strongly supported by new scientific theories, especially by quantum theory and the novel perspectives that it opens for humankind…
L’oggettività nelle teorie scientifiche rispetto alle pratiche del “discorso dominante” in Foucault
2022
The correspondence theory of truth can be arranged in such a way as to contain aspects of a “molecular” holism, in which background knowledge is linked but kept distinct from the content of the single proposition. Within this perspective, a proposition can still be a “representation” of a fact, always approximate and renegotiable, which nonetheless highlights the structure of the state of affairs in order to also illuminate the molecular group of states of affairs, of finite number, connected to the fact. Theories describe or represent real aspects of the world, but these aspects can always be analyzed in more depth, and they are never definitive, similar to the different levels of reality …
The placebo in the context of scientific theories
2012
Placebo is not a unitary concept. It can have different meanings, depending on the scientific discipline in which it is used. The placebo exists in psychology, medicine, and other sciences, and in each case it is assumed that the results obtained by the placebo are unexplainable. But the results that can’t be explained by a scientific discipline could be explained by another. For example, a sugar pill used in the treatment of pain could be a pharmacological placebo, but it isn’t a psychological placebo, because there is an explanation of its effects based in psychological principles. In this work, a conceptual analysis of placebo in the context of scientific theories is presented.
Political Correctness and Academic Principles: A Reply to Simpson
1997
The author discusses Christopher Simpson's (1996) article, ‘Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann's ‘Spiral of Silence’ and the Historical Context of Communication Theory.’ He questions the relevance of biographical data for the evaluation of scientific theories and methods, and analyzes the rhetorical structure of Simpson's arguments. He concludes that Simpson's claims about the influence of Noelle's biography on her scholarly work are not grounded in evidence.
Bodily cleanliness in modern nursing
2013
Why are bodily washing practices the way they are in nursing? Michel Foucault argues that modern democratic societies discipline human bodies in accordance with political interests. In the extension of that argumentation we will show that bodily cleanliness in modern nursing may have been used as a disciplining tool. The first part of our discussion takes as its point of departure the second half of the 19th/the beginning of the 20th centuries, the period in which modern nursing emerged. At that time scientific theories on hygiene seem to have legitimized the political effort to produce a clean, pleasant-smelling, decent, obedient, and productive population. Doctors, nurses and teachers pla…